Multiphase flow nptel online videos, courses iit video. Analysis of complex pipe networks with multiple loops and. The total mass flow is the sum of the flow in each pipe. Calculators for pressure drop, pipe diameter, flow rate. Laws of fluid friction darcys equation, minor losses, pipes in series and pipes. Pdf file introduction to piping engineering piping guide. Introduction to piping engineering information about piping.
This is often the only feasible alternative for many rural areas at the present time and in many countries a major portion of the funds available for water systems are allocated to gravity flow. For pipes connected in parallel the pressure loss is the same in all pipes. Flow in pipes fluid flow in circular and noncircular pipes is commonly encountered in practice. Tutorial pipe networks in this tutorial you will revise pipe friction equations.
Of course, there are standard piping practices that limit the amount of gpm for a given pipe size. Dec 04, 2014 l1,l2,l3 length of pipes 1,2 and 3 d1,d2,d3 diameter of pipes 1,2,3 v1,v2,v3 velocity of flow through pipes 1,2,3 f1,f2,f3 coefficient of frictions for pipes 1,2,3 h difference of water level in the two tanks the discharge passing through the pipe is same. From reynolds experiments on pipe flows of various diameters, it was observed that there is a critical reynolds number below this value, pipe flow is laminar. Vapor pressure and their influences on fluid motion pressure. Through engineering simulation, we may be able to meet these aims while reducing conservatism and cost. For circular pipes the inner pipe diameter is used is used to calculate the reynolds number and to calculate the relative. Fluid mechanics pdf notes fm pdf notes smartzworld. Multiphase flow nptel online videos, courses iit video lectures. The three types of flow through a centrifugal pump are radial flow, axial flow, and mixed flow. Energy and hydraulic grade lines in water pipe systems principle the energy of a real fluid decreases as it moves through a pipe. Static head is independent of flow and graphically would be shown as in figure 6. Learning objectives here is what you will be able to do when you complete each objective. Major energy loss due to friction minor energy losses a.
Derive iterative balance equations for nodes and loops. Discuss the basic types of piping, pipe connections, supports, drainage devices and insulation. Minor losses in pipe flow are a major part in calculating the flow, pressure, or energy reduction. As this shearing stress increases, the viscous forces become unable to damp out disturbances, and turbulent flow results. A spreadsheet teaching tool for analysis of pipe networks. Venturi meter and orifice meter are the commonly used flow meters for measuring massvolumetric flow. Efficiency of the flow in the circular pipe article pdf available in journal of environmental science and technology 0802. The simulations were done using ansys fluent cfd 14. Nptel provides elearning through online web and video courses various streams. Head loss in pipe systems laminar flow and introduction to turbulent flow me 322 lecture slides, winter 2007 gerald recktenwald. Flowinduced vibration of pipelines and piping can be caused by a number of mechanisms including. Page 5 of 46 this represents a large quantity of data to understand, and to properly identify and track through the design, installation and operation of plants. There are many types of losses of head for flowing liquids such as friction, inlet and outlet losses.
Studies will be made on how to express losses caused by a change in the cross sectional area of a pipe, a pipe bend and a valve, in addition to the frictional loss of a pipe. When water flows through a pipe of uniform cross section, the quantity of water passing any point in a given interval of time depends upon the velocity with which the water flows and the area of cross section of the pipe. The values of k for the various valves such as relief valve, needle valve,pool valve, disc valve ball valveetc are also depend on the ratio of the valve area to pipe area. The islamic university of gaza environmental engineering. Velocity concernsthe speed at which the water is moving inside the pipe.
When a fluid is flowing through a pipe, the fluid experiences some resistance due to which some of energy head of fluid is lost. Hydraulic design of sewers and storm water drains lecture 8. Darcyweisbach equation, hydraulic gradient and total energy lines. Noncircular pipe friction the frictional head loss in circular pipes is usually calculated by using the darcyweisbach formula with a darcy friction factor. Hydraulic design of sewers and storm water drains contd. Introduction to piping and pipe fittings learning outcome when you complete this module you will be able to.
The velocity distribution for a fullydeveloped laminar flow in a pipe is given by. Numerical modeling of the transition between free surface and pressurized flow in storm sewers jose g. Filtration tanks are used in all types of water treatment plants except for disinfection treatment plants. Here you can download the free fluid mechanics pdf notes fm pdf notes latest and old materials with multiple file links to download. Fundamentals of fluid mechanicsfluid mechanics chapter 8. In networks of pipes, in systems with long sections of pipe, with small pipes, viscous fluids, etc, frictional head losses become significant and must be modeled how do we account for them in the energy balance, so we can properly size pumps and deal with other design aspects.
We could do four simultaneous equations in order to find the flow in each pipe. Oct 08, 2015 laying of sewer line, material used in construction, complete process of sewer line laying in rampur city of uttar pradesh. Question 3 2006 a the head loss in a pipe can be expressed in the form h f kq 2. L1,l2,l3 length of pipes 1,2 and 3 d1,d2,d3 diameter of pipes 1,2,3 v1,v2,v3 velocity of flow through pipes 1,2,3 f1,f2,f3 coefficient of frictions for pipes 1,2,3 h difference of water level in the two tanks the discharge passing through the pipe. The more circuitous is the path, the greater are the losses. Introduction flows completely bounded by solid surfaces are called internal flows which include flows through pipes round cross section, ducts not round cross sectionround cross section, nozzles diffusers suddennozzles, diffusers, sudden.
Tm is the log mean temperature difference given as t t. This pipe flow rate calculator calculates the volumetric flow rate discharge rate a gas or liquid going through a round or rectangular pipe of known dimensions with a. Made by faculty at the university of colorado boulder, department of chemical and biological. Therefore, strain rate also influences the temperature rise during working. The energy budget in a pipeline system is materialized by the energy grade line. Introduces the use of the mechanical energy balance in solving pipe flow type problems. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising.
The major loss is that due to frictional resistance of the. Pipe flows indian institute of technology guwahati. Hdpe is a tough material that can withstand handling and installation processes. Flow through pipes study notes for civil engineering. The hot and cold water that we use in our homes is pumped through pipes. Flow field may be examined by dividing to two zones. Nptel video lectures, iit video lectures online, nptel youtube lectures, free video lectures, nptel online courses, youtube iit videos nptel courses. Nflow hdpe corrugated plastic pipe southeast culvert. Abrasion can be the most destructive force that drainage pipes will endure.
Pipelines and pipe networksii series, parallel and branch piping 3. In fact, most of the industrial control loops control the flow rates of incoming liquids or gases in order to achieve the control objective. Due to the parabolic velocity distribution in laminar flow, a shearing stress is developed. Som, department of mechanical engineering, iitkharagpur. Another example of a system with only static head is pumping into a pressurised vessel with short pipe runs. The velocity of flow through sewers can be determined using mannings formula as below. Solve problems about networks with connected loops. Pipes may be connected in series, parallel or in both. When a fluid is flowing through a pipe, the fluid experiences some resistance due to which some of the energy of the fluid is lost. Head loss in pipe systems laminar flow and introduction to. To find the coefficient of discharge for venturi meter. Its structure of directories and subdirectories is very similar to the one used in chapter 2 and chapter 3. Consider a steady flow of an incompressible newtonian fluid through a long, smooth walled, horizontal circular pipe.
Tm is the log mean temperature difference given as. We will see the application to pipe flows, where as a civil engineer, you may have to design pipe flow network. Sep 26, 2017 accurate measurement of flow rate of liquids and gases is an essential requirement for maintaining the quality of industrial processes. Indian institute of technology, kanpur 1 module 2 lecture 10 permeability and seepage 6 topics 1. This website is offering pipe flow calculators for everyday problemsolving in the field of fluid dynamics. Piping systems are subjected to corrosion, erosion, toxic condition and radioactivity, all of which calls for proper piping design enabling trouble free operation of the plant over a long period of time. To download the notes i use for these videos, please. Flow rate calculator calculate the flow rate of a pipe. Flow through pipes 71 friction losses of head in pipes 72 secondary losses of head in pipes 73 flow through pipe systems 71 friction losses of head in pipes.
Introduction to piping engineering by gerald may, p. Cfd analysis of natural convection flow through vertical pipe prashant m khanorkar1 and r e thombre1 corresponding author. Fully developed turbulent smooth and rough channel and pipe flows. As pipes are in series, the discharge through each pipe will be same. This paper contains flow analysis of different fluids in a pipe. In many fluid power applications, energy losses due to flow in valves and fittings exceed those due to flow in pipes. Pdf file introduction to piping engineering posted by akki on 12. Sixteen desktop calculators, fourteen calculators as the web application, three calculators for android. Flow through pipes definition of flow through pipes. Total loss along a pipe line t or these equations would be appropriate for a single pipe size. Subject fluid mechanics topic module 5 fluid flow flow through pipes part 1 lecture 43 faculty venugopal sharma gate academy plus is an effort to initiate free online digital. Lecture no7 pipelines systems politechnika wroclawska. Liquid moving through pipes carries momentum and energy due to the forces acting upon it.
For example, the household water supply, sewage flows etc. An optimisation model coupled with a computational iterative procedure of optimal discharges through pipes. Kamal flow through pipes is an important engineering problem in fluid mechanics. In reality this is mainly du e to the viscous property of the fluid. Fm 308 flow measurement by venturi and orifice meter objectives.
The table gives recommended flows for pipe sizes at listed pressures and should be used to determine appropriate piping for air systems. Introduction to pipe flow measurement by theprocesspiping published september 26, 2017 updated september 25, 2017 accurate measurement of flow rate of liquids and gases is an. Make sure to click file and then download if you would like to download the file. Heat exchanger 1 lmtd method heat transfer log mean temperature difference lmtd method the rate of heat transfer is a heat exchanger can be expressed as q ua. View notes lecture 6 pipe flow from me l at university of texas. The pipe flow is also used for the transportation of chemicals and petroleum. Lec16 pipe friction, major loss, minor loss youtube.
These deaign notes primarily coyer simple gravity flow water systems. Flow pressure analysis of pipe networks with linear theory method. A pipe is a closed conduit carrying a fluid under pressure. Flow of fluids through valve, fittings and pipes crane, 1999. A vertical copper tube having constant cross section area is used for representing the medium through. Fm 308 flow measurement by venturi and orifice meter. Download free fluid mechanics by rk bansal pdf book fmhm 9th edition. Two pipes having constants k 1 and k 2 are to be cons idered as a single equ ivalent pipe. For a system such as that illustrated, suppose that we need to find the flow in each pipe but we dont know the pressure at the junction. Flow between parallel plates, flow through long pipes, flow through inclined pipes. Maximum recommended air flow scfm through ansi standard weight schedule 40 metal pipe.
For a flow through a 5 cm diameter pipe, at what velocity will this critical reynolds number appear at 20c. The pressure drop in compressed air lines can be calculated with the empirical formula. Almost in all our daily operations, we come across pipe flow. Solve problems about networks with a common junction. Laminar ow through a circular pipe within foamcases. For pipes connected in series the pressure loss is the sum of the individual losses. The drag force acts in a direction that is opposite of the relative flow velocity. Numerical modeling of the transition between free surface. The nature of path through the valves and fittings determines the amount of energy losses. What do you mean by secondary flow and spiral flow. The islamic university of gaza environmental engineering department networks design and pumping stations. Prove that in the case of fully developed laminar flow through a circular pipe, the ratio of the maximum velocity to the mean velocity is 2. Download a reference book of fluid mechanics and hydraulic machinery.
Potential flow boundary layer du dy y u 0 viscous sublayer. Indication of laminar or turbulent flow the term fl tflowrate shldbhould be e reprepldbr ldlaced by reynolds number,where v is the average velocity in the pipe, and l is the characteristic dimension of a flow. No other drainage product can consistently perform in such a large ph range. We can measure flowrate and pressure drop through a. Analysis of complex pipe networks with multiple loops and inlets and outlets the techniques described previously for analysis of pipe flow are satisfactory if the pipe system is simple, consisting of one pipe or a combination of pipes in which the flow directions are all known unambiguously. Fundamentals of fluid mechanicsfluid mechanics chapter 8 pipe. Concept of major and minor losses in pipe flow, shear stress, friction factor, and friction head loss in pipe flow. Fluid mechanics notes pdf fm notes pdf starts with the topics covering introduction to dimensions and units physical properties of fluids specific gravity, viscosity, surface tension. What links here related changes upload file special pages permanent link page information wikidata. Pdf flow of fluids through valve, fittings and pipes. Fluid flow in pipes laminar flow its is a flow in which the fluid particles move in parallel layers in a single direction. Associate professor, mechanical and materials engineering department portland state university, portland, oregon.
However, adiabatic condition may prevail under large deformation speeds, resulting in large rise in temperature of the work piece. Lecture 6 pipe flow me l lecture 6 background for lab. Now we will consider flows where the change in depth occurs abruptly and a significant amount of energy is lost in the flow due to the abrupt energy change. To find the coefficient of discharge for orifice meter.
Apr 08, 2010 lecture series on applied thermodynamics for marine systems by prof. Such a resistance is assumed to be due to friction. A spreadsheet teaching tool for analysis of pipe networks for energy loop equations, head loss is positive when flow is clockwise and vise versa. It is the most chemically inert drainage product available. Pumps and compressors which could produce pressure pulsations, exciting a response in nearby piping. In this illustration, flow velocity in the pipe is assumed to be very small. Minor losses in pipe flow are a major part in calculating the flow, pressure, or energy reduction in piping systems. Introduction to pipe flow measurement the process piping. Loss of head due to friction where, l length of pipe, v mean velocity of flow. The following section illustrates how the system of equations is written for the different analysis techniques, and how the solution is obtained using spreadsheets. Explain and solve problems involving laminar flow though pipes and.
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